The processes of meiosis and fertilization help ensure the survival of species by maintaining the same number of what?

The processes of meiosis and fertilization are crucial for maintaining the genetic stability of a species by ensuring the same number of chromosomes in each generation. During meiosis, which occurs in the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells), the chromosome number is halved. This reduction is vital because it prepares the gametes to fuse during fertilization, creating a zygote that restores the species’ characteristic chromosome number.

By maintaining this consistent chromosome count across generations, species avoid potential genetic issues that may arise from variation in chromosome numbers, such as abnormal development or reproductive difficulties. The preservation of chromosome number contributes to genetic diversity while preventing the doubling or loss of genetic material that could affect survival.

Maintaining a stable chromosome number is fundamental for evolutionary processes, as it allows for the combination of genetic material from two parents while ensuring that offspring are viable and fertile.