Which of the following processes is primarily responsible for the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in plants?

Photosynthesis is the process primarily responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy in plants. This complex process occurs mainly in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll captures sunlight and uses that energy to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The glucose produced during photosynthesis serves as a vital source of chemical energy, which can be utilized by plants for growth, development, and cellular functions.

While cellular respiration is essential for breaking down glucose to release energy, it is not involved in the conversion of light energy. Transpiration relates to the movement of water within the plant and is not directly involved in energy conversion. Digestion, typically a process related to breaking down food for energy in animals, is also not applicable to how plants convert light energy into a usable form. Thus, photosynthesis stands out as the key process enabling plants to harness light energy and convert it into a stable chemical form.