Which of the following statements best describes the pace of evolution?

The statement that evolution happens gradually over long periods of time accurately reflects a key aspect of the evolutionary process. Evolution is driven by mechanisms such as natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow, which typically act over extensive timescales. This gradualism is supported by fossil records and genetic studies that illustrate how species slowly change and adapt to their environments over millions of years.

This long-term perspective emphasizes that while some evolutionary changes can be rapid and dramatic in certain contexts, such as during mass extinctions or significant environmental shifts, the overarching view is that most evolutionary changes happen over extended periods. This gradual approach allows populations to accumulate small genetic changes that can eventually lead to the emergence of new species and adaptations to changing environments. Understanding the pace of evolution in this way helps frame our understanding of biological diversity and the history of life on Earth.